XC=BASIC

ABS()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-30T21:09:40+00:00

ABS() Since version 2.0 Syntax: abs() | abs%() The ABS() function returns the absolute value (value without the sign) of the given numeric expression. Argument type and return type must match. Examples: print abs(-3) rem -- will print 3 print abs%(-3.14) rem -- will print 3.14

ALIASFN

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:28:04+00:00

ALIASFN Since version 2.2 Syntax: aliasfn , "" The ALIASFN directive registers a new function alias in order to make it possible to call a user function without the USR keyword. This directive is mainly used in extensions.

Arrays

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-27T07:45:24+00:00

Arrays Arrays must be defined using the DIM statement. As of the current version, maximum two-dimensional arrays are supported and both dimensions are limited to a length of 32767 elements. However, this is just a theoretical limit, in practice you'll run out of memory earlier. Arrays are zero-based (the first index is 0). Floats are not allowed as indices.

ASM

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-30T21:10:04+00:00

ASM Since version 2.0 Syntax: asm "" The ASM directive injects bare assembly code into the compiled code, without any modification. As XC=BASIC itself produces DASM code, the injected assembly code must also be in DASM format. The code within the double quote may include newlines.

@ (address of)

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-01-26T09:46:55+00:00

@ (address of) Since version 1.1 Used within an expression, the @ operator returns the memory address of the variable or label that it is prepended to, as an integer. Example: rem define a new variable let x=1 rem retrieve information about the variable print "the value of x is ", x print "the address of x is ", @x

ATN()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-30T21:10:22+00:00

ATN() Since version 2.0 Syntax: atn%() The ATN() function returns the arc tangent value of the given numeric expression. The function only accepts a float as its single argument and can only return a float. Example: print atn%(1.0) * 4.0 rem -- the above outputs 3.1415266

CALL

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-10T07:56:28+00:00

CALL Since version 0.9 Syntax: [call] [(, , ...)] The CALL command calls a procedure. proc_name is the identifier of a previously defined procedure. The argument list is optional. See PROC ... ENDPROC for more information and examples.

CAST()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-30T21:10:38+00:00

CAST() Since version 2.0 Syntax: cast() | cast!() | cast%() The CAST() function converts an expression of any type to the required type. If there is a possibility of precision loss or truncation, the compiler will display a warning.

CHARAT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-30T21:11:55+00:00

CHARAT Since version 0.9 Syntax: charat , , The CHARAT command outputs a character at the given x and y position on the screen. All arguments can be of byte or integer type. Example:

XC=BASIC command reference

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:28:04+00:00

XC=BASIC command reference The following is the list of all commands, functions and directives supported by the current version of XC=BASIC: Core commands * @ (address of) * ABS() * ASM * ATN() * CAST() * CALL * CHARAT * CONST * COS() * CURPOS * DATA * DEC * DEEK() * DIM * DISABLEIRQ * DOKE * ENABLEIRQ * END

Compiler options

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-19T08:33:43+00:00

Compiler options Compiler options can be set within the source code, via the PRAGMA statement. The following is a list of supported compiler options: Option Since version Description Default value civars 2.1 If set to 1, the compiler will treat variable names case-insensitive

CONST

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-11T07:57:16+00:00

CONST Since version 0.9 Syntax: const = The CONST directive defines a constant. The constant can be subsequently used as a regular variable, except that it is read-only. Constants of any numeric types (bytes, integers or floats) may be defined. The number must be a numeric literal (no expression is allowed here).

COS()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-30T21:12:32+00:00

COS() Since version 2.0 Syntax: cos%() The COS() function returns the cosine value of the given numeric expression. The function only accepts a float as its single argument and can only return a float. Example: print cos%(0.0) rem -- the above outputs 1

CURPOS

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-23T08:22:58+00:00

CURPOS Syntax: curpos , The CURPOS command positions the cursor to the given column and row. Example: print "{CLR}" curpos 14 , 12 print "centered text"

DATA

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-09-19T08:00:26+00:00

DATA Syntax: data varname[] = , , , ... Or in combination with the INCBIN directive: data varname![] = incbin "path/to/binary_file" The DATA directive allocates a one-dimensional static array in memory filled with pre-initialized data

DEC

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T08:37:08+00:00

DEC Syntax: dec The DEC command decrements the value of a byte or integer variable by 1. This is considerably faster than doing LET x = x - 1. Example: let myVar = 10 dec myVar print myVar The above will output 9. Note: the DEC

DEEK()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-09T14:04:15+00:00

DEEK() Syntax: deek() The DEEK function returns the value that is read from a two-byte memory location: address and address+1. The function always returns an integer. Note: the address will be recognized as an unsigned integer. Example:

DIM

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-01-25T08:58:50+00:00

DIM Syntax: dim [ [, ]] [fast | @] The DIM directive defines a variable or an array in compile time. See the Arrays page for more information about arrays. Variables do not need to be predefined, but the

DISABLEIRQ

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-10T07:59:10+00:00

DISABLEIRQ Since version 2.1 Syntax: disableirq The DISABLEIRQ command sets the CPU's interrupt flag, preventing the CPU from responding to IRQ interrupt events. To re-enable the respond to IRQ, use ENABLEIRQ WARNING: keyboard scanning will be disabled if you turn off interrupts. Make sure interrupts are enabled when you intend to use

DOKE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-09T14:05:44+00:00

DOKE Syntax: doke , The DOKE command stores a value into the given memory address, using two bytes: address and address+1. The value will be stored in low byte - high byte order.

ENABLEIRQ

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-10-07T20:19:33+00:00

ENABLEIRQ Since version 2.1 Syntax: enableirq The ENABLEIRQ command clears the CPU's interrupt flag, allowing the CPU to respond to IRQ interrupt events. To disable the respond to IRQ, use DISABLEIRQ

END

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-10T19:54:46+00:00

END Syntax: end The END command halts the execution of the program. It can be used within the normal program flow or at the end of the program as well, but the latter is not necessary. See GOSUB for an example.

Examples

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-11-12T14:48:21+00:00

Examples These are sample pieces of XC=BASIC source code. Example 1: Fibonacci series rem ** fibonacci series ** max = 32767 t1 = 0 t2 = 1 print "fibonacci series:" loop: print t1, " " nx = t1 + t2 t1 = t2 t2 = nx if nx < max then goto loop end

Expression evaluation

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-25T08:55:04+00:00

Expression evaluation This article explains how expressions are evaluated in XC=BASIC. Expression

Tutorial: Extension writing

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-12T20:14:19+00:00

Tutorial: Extension writing As mentioned before, an extension is simply an XC=BASIC source code file. You can define procedures, functions and constants in your extension just the way you'd do it in an XC=BASIC program. Naming your symbols To avoid naming collisions, you should choose a

Extensions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-13T21:54:59+00:00

Extensions XC=BASIC supports third-party extensions since version 2.2. Extensions are includable source files that define * new COMMANDS * new FUNCTIONS * new CONSTANTS * new VARIABLES Extensions can be written in assembly language or in XC=BASIC

FERR()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T09:18:50+00:00

FERR() Syntax: ferr() | ferr!() The FERR() function returns error information subsequent to the last LOAD or SAVE statement. The function can return a byte or an integer. If the return value is zero, no error occurred. Otherwise the value will hold the matching KERNAL error code.

FOR ... NEXT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-10-13T09:36:09+00:00

FOR ... NEXT Syntax: for = to [step ] [statements...] next [] The FOR ... NEXT construct will assign the result of initial_value to the given variable, then iterate the variable until it reaches the value of

FUN ... ENDFUN

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-08-07T09:02:27+00:00

FUN ... ENDFUN Since version 2.2 Syntax: fun [(, , ...)] [] return endfun The FUN ... ENDFUN directives are used for defining a user function. Functions are similar to procedures with the exception that:

Functions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-12T19:35:29+00:00

Functions Functions in XC=BASIC are procedures that return a value of a certain type. XC=BASIC supports: * Several built-in functions * The USR() function to call a machine language function * User-defined functions (since version 2.2) Calling overloaded functions Some of the built-in functions are overloaded and thus they may return values of miscellaneous types. When calling a function, you must explicitly specify which type you wish to call by appending the right

Future plans

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-12T19:37:48+00:00

Future plans These are the planned features of a future version. Plans may change of course. * Compilation of the same source for multiple 6502-based architectures * Extension system: the language will consist of the core language and optional extensions. Userland extensions can be added, e. g. graphics, sound, i/o, you name it.

Game and demo gallery

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-09-25T22:52:59+00:00

Game and demo gallery The following programs were written in XC=BASIC. If you've written a working XC=BASIC program, please add it to the examples/ directory in the develop branch of the GitHub repo and submit a PR. Or you can just send it to me to feketecsaba at gmail dot com.

GOSUB ... RETURN

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T12:47:09+00:00

GOSUB ... RETURN Syntax: gosub return The GOSUB command calls a subroutine marked by a label. RETURN will pass control back to the caller. Nesting subroutines are supported (GOSUB and RETURN compiles to just plain JSR and RTS, nothing fancy). Stack overflow is not checked in runtime, but is quite unlikely to encounter. Example:

GOTO

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T13:29:31+00:00

GOTO Syntax: goto The GOTO command passes execution to the code that begins at the given label.

IF ... THEN ... ELSE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-07-15T10:17:59+00:00

IF ... THEN ... ELSE Syntax: if [and | or ] then [else ] or, since version 2.1: if [and | or ] then [else ] endif Conditional structure. Executes the statements after

INC

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-09T06:36:54+00:00

INC Syntax: inc The INC command increments the value of a byte or integer variable by 1. This is considerably faster than doing LET x = x + 1. Example: let myVar = 10 inc myVar print myVar The above will output 11. Note: the INC command does not work on floats.

INCBIN

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-08-02T22:11:01+00:00

INCBIN Syntax: incbin "path/to/binary_file" Or - in combination with DATA: data varname![] = incbin "path/to/binary_file" The INCBIN directive instructs the assembler to include a custom binary file. This is useful to include graphics, music or any kind of data - even machine code routines - in your program.

INCLUDE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-02-12T13:36:50+00:00

INCLUDE Syntax: include "filename.bas" include "path/to/filename.bas" The INCLUDE directive instructs the compiler to fetch the contents of another source file and include it in the current source. Nested includes are supported. Note: the path must be a relative path to the current source file.

INKEY()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T14:11:57+00:00

INKEY() Syntax: inkey() | inkey!() The INKEY() function returns the keyboard code of the last pressed key. If no key was pressed, the return value is 0. The function can return an integer or a byte. Example: print "press a key" loop: let key! = inkey!() if key! = 0 then goto loop print "you pressed: ", key!

INPUT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-09-20T07:51:57+00:00

INPUT Syntax: input , [,] The INPUT command calls a built-in routine that allows the user to input a string using the keyboard. The user input will be limited to max_length characters. After the user has pressed the

JOY_1_DOWN()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:15:12+00:00

JOY_1_DOWN() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_1_down!() This function returns 1 if the joystick in port 1 is being pulled down, 0 otherwise.

JOY_1_FIRE()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:16:37+00:00

JOY_1_FIRE() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_1_fire!() This function returns 1 if the fire button on joystick in port 1 is depressed, 0 otherwise.

JOY_1_LEFT()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:15:41+00:00

JOY_1_LEFT() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_1_left!() This function returns 1 if the joystick in port 1 is being pulled left, 0 otherwise.

JOY_1_RIGHT()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:16:05+00:00

JOY_1_RIGHT() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_1_right!() This function returns 1 if the joystick in port 1 is being pulled right, 0 otherwise.

JOY_1_UP()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:14:45+00:00

JOY_1_UP() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_1_up!() This function returns 1 if the joystick in port 1 is being pulled up, 0 otherwise.

JOY_2_DOWN()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:17:43+00:00

JOY_2_DOWN() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_2_down!() This function returns 1 if the joystick in port 2 is being pulled down, 0 otherwise.

JOY_2_FIRE()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:19:10+00:00

JOY_2_FIRE() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_2_fire!() This function returns 1 if the fire button on joystick in port 2 is depressed, 0 otherwise.

JOY_2_LEFT()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:18:10+00:00

JOY_2_LEFT() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_2_left!() This function returns 1 if the joystick in port 2 is being pulled left, 0 otherwise.

JOY_2_RIGHT()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:18:43+00:00

JOY_2_RIGHT() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_2_right!() This function returns 1 if the joystick in port 2 is being pulled right, 0 otherwise.

JOY_2_UP()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:17:04+00:00

JOY_2_UP() Defined in xcb-ext-joystick Syntax: joy_2_up!() This function returns 1 if the joystick in port 2 is being pulled up, 0 otherwise.

LET

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-10T19:47:20+00:00

LET Syntax: [let] = The LET command assigns the value of an expression to a variable. If the variable does not exist, the compiler will create it. Examples: let somevar = 5 let somearray[n] = x * 2 Important! Prior to version 1.0, the

LOAD

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T21:14:07+00:00

LOAD Syntax: load "filename", [, ] The LOAD command loads a binary file from the given device into memory using the KERNAL load routine. If start_address is not specified, the first to bytes (LB/HB) of the file will be used as the start address. Otherwise the first two bytes of the file will be discarded and the rest will be loaded into the memory address specified by

LSHIFT()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-02T07:52:28+00:00

LSHIFT() Since version 2.1 Syntax: lshift!( [, ]) or lshift( [, ]) The LSHIFT() function shifts each bit in expression to the left by the number of positions and returns the result of the operation.

MEMCPY

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-07-10T14:37:48+00:00

MEMCPY Since version 2.1 Syntax: memcpy , , The MEMCPY command calls a built-in routine that copies length number bytes in memory from source_address to destination_address. The routine is overlapping-safe

Memory layout

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-07-31T12:45:24+00:00

Memory layout This page describes the default memory layout of an XC=BASIC program along with the reserved zero page and other locations. Default memory configuration On startup, the XC=BASIC runtime library sets up the following memory configuration:

MEMSET

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-07-10T14:26:55+00:00

MEMSET Since version 2.1 Syntax: memset , , The MEMSET command calls a built-in routine that sets length number of bytes in memory to fill_value starting from source_address. The same functionality can be achieved with

MEMSHIFT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-07-10T14:37:03+00:00

MEMSHIFT Since version 2.1 Syntax: memshift , , The MEMSHIFT command calls a built-in routine that copies length number bytes in memory from source_address to destination_address. The routine is overlapping-safe

Numeric literals

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-27T07:45:09+00:00

Numeric literals There are several ways you can express a number in XC=BASIC and there are a few rules you have to keep in mind. Data types Currently three numeric types are supported: byte, integer and float. The compiler will follow these rules when parsing numbers:

ON

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-09T08:26:29+00:00

ON Syntax: on goto label [ ,label ...] or: on gosub label [ ,label ...] The ON language construct creates a conditional branch that accepts an index and a list of labels. The expression index will be evaluated and the corresponding label from the list will be passed to

Operators

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-11T07:53:23+00:00

Operators Numeric expressions are evaluated similarly to BASIC V2 or any other BASIC dialects, with some minor incompatibilities. The currently supported operators are: Arithmetic operators * * (multiplication) * / (division) * + (addition)

ORIGIN

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T21:22:19+00:00

ORIGIN Syntax: origin The ORIGIN command instructs the underlying assembler to compile subsequent code or data to a new address instead of the current address. * If the new address is less than the current address, the program won't compile.

PEEK()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-09T14:04:24+00:00

PEEK() Syntax: peek() | peek!() The PEEK function returns the value that is read from a memory address. The function can return a byte or an integer. In the latter case the value will be promoted to integer type. Note: the address will be recognized as an unsigned integer.

Performance tips

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-10T19:21:24+00:00

Performance tips You can follow a couple of good practices to speed up your XC=BASIC programs. Tip #1: Use the right type While floats allow a much wider range of values, it's way much slower to operate on them. Always use integers if you don't need the precision of floats.

PETSCII escape sequences

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-08-25T19:14:52+00:00

PETSCII escape sequences Sequence Alias(es) Value{ARROW_LEFT} {ARROW LEFT} $5f{ARROW_UP} {ARROW UP} $5e{BLACK} $90{BLUE} $1f{BROWN} $95{CLR} {CLEAR} $93{CRSR_DOWN} {DOWN} $11{CRSR_LEFT} {LEFT} $9d{CRSR_RIGHT} {RIGHT} $1d{CRSR_UP}

POKE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T21:32:28+00:00

POKE Syntax: poke , The POKE command stores a value into the given memory address. The following type conversions are possible: * address will be recognized as an unsigned integer * if value is an integer, it will be truncated to a byte

PRAGMA

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-07-08T12:27:22+00:00

PRAGMA Since version 2.1 Syntax: pragma = The PRAGMA directive sets a compiler option. You can find the list of the supported options here. If the option is not supported, a warning will be emitted. Note: PRAGMA directives must be placed in the beginning of the program. The only statement allowed before a

PRINT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-11T22:39:01+00:00

PRINT Syntax: print [, , ...] [;] The PRINT command prints strings or numbers (values of any expression) on the screen using the KERNAL CHAROUT routine. Any number of arguments are accepted. The arguments must be separated with a comma (

PROC ... ENDPROC

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-08-07T08:52:36+00:00

PROC ... ENDPROC Syntax: proc [(, , ...)] endproc call [(, , ...)] The PROC command introduces a new procedure that spans until the ENDPROC command. Procedures are named subroutines that have a unique variable and label scope. Procedures may have one or more parameters that are passed to by the

Procedures

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-27T07:45:46+00:00

Procedures XC=BASIC supports the procedural style of programming through the PROC ... ENDPROC statements. To call a procedure, use the CALL command. A procedure is similar to a subroutine, except that * A procedure opens a unique variable and label scope * A procedure can have zero or more parameters

Releases

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-04-08T14:32:23+00:00

Releases Current stable version 2.3.11 [ Release page ] Older releases version 2.2.05 [ download .zip ] version 2.102 [ download .zip ] version 2.0 [ download .zip ] version 1.1 [ download .zip ] version 1.0 [ download .zip ] version 0.9.1 [ download .zip ] What's new in version 2.3? (1) New GitHub action for automatic build

REM

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-10T23:36:18+00:00

REM Syntax: rem The REM directive denotes a comment until the end of that line. The compiler will ignore it. Since v2.1, the semicolon character (;) and single quote character (') are aliases of REM.

REPEAT ... UNTIL

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-09-06T07:03:22+00:00

REPEAT ... UNTIL Since version 2.1 Syntax: repeat until The REPEAT command starts a post-test loop. The statements in the loop will be run at least once. If the condition in the UNTIL statement evaluates to true, the loop exits.

RI_OFF

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:23:40+00:00

RI_OFF Defined in xcb-ext-rasterinterrupt Syntax: ri_off Disables raster interrupts. Please see the extension's documentation for further details.

RI_ON

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:23:13+00:00

RI_ON Defined in xcb-ext-rasterinterrupt Syntax: ri_on Enables raster interrupts. Please see the extension's documentation for further details.

RI_SET_ISR

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:25:16+00:00

RI_SET_ISR Defined in xcb-ext-rasterinterrupt Syntax: ri_set_isr , , Defines an Interrupt Service Routine (isr). Please see the extension's documentation for further details.

RI_SYSHANDLER_OFF

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:27:40+00:00

RI_SYSHANDLER_OFF Defined in xcb-ext-rasterinterrupt Syntax: ri_syshandler_off Instructs the runtime NOT to call the KERNAL interrupt handler. If you set this, keyboard input and cursor blinking will not work while raster interrupts are enabled. Please see the extension's documentation for further details.

RI_SYSHANDLER_ON

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:26:45+00:00

RI_SYSHANDLER_ON Defined in xcb-ext-rasterinterrupt Syntax: ri_syshandler_on Instructs the runtime to call the KERNAL interrupt handler at $ea31 on each interrupt cycle to make sure that keyboard input and cursor blinking works while raster interrupts are on. Please see the

RND()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-18T11:35:55+00:00

RND() Syntax: rnd!() | rnd() | rnd%() The RND() function returns a pseudo-random number. Depending on the requested type, the return value can be: * a byte between 0 and 255 * an integer between -32768 and +32767 * a float between 0 and 1 Example:

RSHIFT()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-02T07:53:06+00:00

RSHIFT() Since version 2.1 Syntax: rshift!( [, ]) or rshift( [, ]) The RSHIFT() function shifts each bit in expression to the right by the number of positions and returns the result of the operation.

SAVE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T22:05:27+00:00

SAVE Syntax: save "filename", , , The SAVE command saves the given memory area into a file on the given device by calling the KERNAL SAVE routine. The first two bytes in the file will contain the start address.

SFX_INIT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:31:58+00:00

SFX_INIT Defined in xcb-ext-sfx Syntax: sfx_init , Initializes SID and sets up the play routine. Parameters: * sfx_addr the address where sfx data are found in memory * voice3_reserved whether the routine should exclude SID's voice no 3 from playing (

SFX_PLAY

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:33:03+00:00

SFX_PLAY Defined in xcb-ext-sfx Syntax: sfx_play This command must be issued on every screen refresh (or every 1/50th of a second) in order to play sounds. Please see the extension's documentation for further details.

SFX_START

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:36:52+00:00

SFX_START Defined in xcb-ext-sfx Syntax: sfx_start Starts a sound. sound_number must be a number from 0 to 23.. Please see the extension's documentation for further details.

SGN()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-24T08:23:37+00:00

SGN() Syntax: sgn() The SGN() function returns the sign of a numerical argument as follows: ArgumentResultnegative value-1zero0positive value (excluding zero) 1

sidebar

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-06-05T11:20:02+00:00

* Releases * Usage * Gallery * Tutorials * Language Reference * Syntax * Numeric Literals * Variables * Arrays * Operators * Strings * Procedures * Functions * Command Reference * Appendices * Compiler Options * Memory Layout * PETSCII Escape Sequences * Extensions * Performance Tips * News & Announcements * Discussion * Issues

SIN()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T22:07:37+00:00

SIN() Syntax: sin%() The SIN() function returns the sine value of the given numeric expression. The function only accepts a float as its single argument and can only return a float. Example: print sin%(1.0) rem -- the above outputs 0.841470985

SPR_BEHINDBG

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-09-02T09:09:05+00:00

SPR_BEHINDBG Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_behindbg This command makes the sprite identified by sprite_number appear behind other graphics. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_CLEARDBLHEIGHT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T13:57:48+00:00

SPR_CLEARDBLHEIGHT Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_cleardblheight This command unsets vertical expanded mode for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_CLEARDBLWIDTH

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T13:59:43+00:00

SPR_CLEARDBLWIDTH Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_cleardblwidth This command unsets horizontal expanded mode for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_DATA_COLLISION()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:12:16+00:00

SPR_DATA_COLLISION() Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_data_collision!() This function returns 1 if sprite collides with graphics, 0 otherwise. spr_no! must be between 0 and 7.

SPR_DISABLE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-11-12T14:39:44+00:00

SPR_DISABLE Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_disable This command turns an individual sprite off. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_ENABLE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-11-12T14:40:09+00:00

SPR_ENABLE Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_enable This command turns an individual sprite on. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_OVERBG

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-11-12T14:42:46+00:00

SPR_OVERBG Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_overbg This command makes the sprite identified by sprite_number appear over other graphics. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_SETCOLOR

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T13:55:59+00:00

SPR_SETCOLOR Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_setcolor , This command sets color for sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7. color must be a number between 0 and 15.

SPR_SETDBLHEIGHT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T13:57:13+00:00

SPR_SETDBLHEIGHT Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_setdblheight This command sets vertical expanded mode for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_SETDBLWIDTH

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T13:59:25+00:00

SPR_SETDBLWIDTH Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_setdblwidth This command sets horizontal expanded mode for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_SETHIRES

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:03:16+00:00

SPR_SETHIRES Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_sethires This command sets high resolution mode for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_SETMULTI

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:03:42+00:00

SPR_SETMULTI Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_setmulti This command sets multicolor mode for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_SETPOS

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:06:12+00:00

SPR_SETPOS Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_setpos , , This command sets both x and y coordinates for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_SETPOSX

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:06:39+00:00

SPR_SETPOSX Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_setposx , This command sets the x coordinate for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_SETPOSY

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:07:08+00:00

SPR_SETPOSY Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_setposy , This command sets the y coordinate for the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SPR_SETSHAPE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:11:49+00:00

SPR_SETSHAPE Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_setshape , This command sets the shape of the sprite identified by sprite_number. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7. shape must be equal to the memory location divided by 64.

SPR_SPR_COLLISION()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-18T14:13:00+00:00

SPR_SPR_COLLISION() Defined in xcb-ext-sprite Syntax: spr_spr_collision!() This function returns 1 if sprite collides with another sprite, 0 otherwise. sprite_number must be a number between 0 and 7.

SQR()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-24T08:26:49+00:00

SQR() Syntax: sqr() | sqr%() The SQR() function returns the square root of the argument. The return type must mach the argument type. Only integers and floats are supported. If the argument is negative, the program will emit an

Welcome to the XC=BASIC Wiki

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-12-13T13:06:12+00:00

Welcome to the XC=BASIC Wiki XC=BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language for the Commodore-64 and xcbasic64 is a cross-compiler that compiles XC=BASIC source code to 6502 machine code. The language is extensible. Releases ---------- Some of the advantages of programming in

STRCMP()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-22T20:30:20+00:00

STRCMP() Syntax: strcmp(, ) The STRCMP() function is used to compare two strings. It compares the strings that the arguments point to, character by character. The comparison stops at the first unmatched character, or if one of the strings end. The function returns an integer as the result of the comparison:

STRCPY

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-22T21:51:01+00:00

STRCPY Syntax: strcpy , The STRCPY command copies the string pointed by source (including the null character) to the string pointed by destination. Example: dim buffer![16] a$ = "xc=basic" b$ = @buffer! strcpy b$, a$ print b$ rem -- the above will output "xc=basic"

Strings

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-10T19:38:33+00:00

Strings While XC=BASIC is pretty similar to CBM BASIC in many areas, it follows an entirely different approach in others. Strings are definitely one of the latter kind. If you intend to work with strings in your program, you should read this page carefully and get yourself familiar with the concept of strings in

STRLEN()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-22T20:15:30+00:00

STRLEN() Syntax: strlen!() The STRLEN() function returns the length of a string. The function accepts a string pointer (a literal string, a string pointer or a string pointer expression) as its single argument and returns a byte. Example:

STRNCPY

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-04-14T08:58:30+00:00

STRNCPY Syntax: strncpy , , The STRNCPY command is similar to STRCPY, the difference is that STRNCPY will copy the first n characters only. Copying will stop at the end of source even if n is greater than the length of

STRPOS()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-27T20:57:05+00:00

STRPOS() Syntax: strpos!(, ) The STRPOS() function searches for the string needle in the string haystack. If needle is found, the function returns the position of its first occurrence within haystack. If needle is not found, the function returns 255.

Syntax

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-09T08:40:12+00:00

Syntax An XC=BASIC program is built from one or more plain ASCII text files that consist of lines, allowing one or more statements per line. Each line may optionally contain a label and zero or more statements separated by a colon (:): label1: print "hello world" label2: print "hello again" let x = 5 : print x : rem "these were more statements in a line"

SYS

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-07T22:10:13+00:00

SYS Syntax: sys The SYS command calls a machine language routine at the specified address. The expression must evaluate to an integer and will be treated as unsigned. Once the machine language routine returns using the RTS opcode, the

TAN()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-08T07:19:42+00:00

TAN() Syntax: tan%() The TAN() function returns the tangent value of the given numeric expression. The function only accepts a float as its single argument and can only return a float. Example: print tan%(1.0) rem -- the above outputs 1.55740772

TEXTAT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-03-03T09:41:47+00:00

TEXTAT Syntax: textat , , "string literal" or: textat , , The TEXTAT command outputs a string or a number at the given column and row on the screen without affecting the current cursor position. Column and row numbers are zero-based.

Tutorials

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-04T09:18:47+00:00

Tutorials * How to write TETRIS

Usage

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-02-14T08:45:11+00:00

Usage Note: the bellow guide applies to versions 2.3 or later. If you're looking for the older usage guide, please read the old version of this page. Installation Before getting started, have a look at this figure to understand how XC=BASIC source files are compiled to C64 executable programs. There are two steps involved. First, the

USR()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-05-08T07:51:10+00:00

USR() Syntax: usr( [, , , ...]) usr!( [, , , ...]) usr%( [, , , ...]) The USR function passes an arbitrary length of parameters to a machine language routine and executes it. The function is evaluated to the return value of the ML routine.

VAL()

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-02T21:32:51+00:00

VAL() Syntax: val!() | val() | val%() The VAL() function tries to parse the numeric value in a string pointed by str to the numeric type of the function. Parsing rules for VAL!() The VAL!() function will return 0 if:

Variables

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-01-31T22:58:38+00:00

Variables Variables in XC=BASIC are statically allocated memory areas that are assigned an identifier (name) and a type that can not be changed. Variable definition Variables don't need to be explicitly defined. The compiler will create the variable the first time it encounters them in a

WAIT

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-06-30T22:06:31+00:00

WAIT Since version 2.1 Syntax: wait , [, ] Identically to CBM BASIC, the WAIT command waits for a bit pattern on a specified memory address. Please read this comprehensive article from Compute! Magazine for more information.

WATCH

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-07-01T13:51:09+00:00

WATCH Since version 2.1 Syntax: watch , The WATCH command hangs execution until the value read from the specified memory address becomes equal to the given value.

WHILE ... ENDWHILE

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-09-06T07:03:03+00:00

WHILE ... ENDWHILE Since version 2.1 Syntax: while endwhile The WHILE command starts a pre-test loop where the given condition is evaluated every time before entering the loop. If the condition evaluates to true, the statements between